The 16-item DSMQ has 4 subscales: Glucose Management (GM) with 5 items, Dietary Control (DC) with 4 items, Physical Activity (PA) with 3 items and Health-Care Use (HU) with 3 items, and one general statement. The questionnaire is available in two forms from the original authors. The Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ) proved to be a valid tool, which showed a strong relationship with glucose metabolism among people with mostly type 1 diabetes in tertiary care. developed a questionnaire in German and English focusing on factors strongly correlated with HbA1c to assess behaviours associated with metabolic control in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Whether addressing issues of self-care that are associated with glycemic control might further improve treatment efficiency and protect the person with diabetes from late complications warrants further studies. Effective self-management results in better glycemic control, decreases mortality and can improve quality of life even in persons with diabetic complications. Although there are a number of tools available for this purpose, most of them are either not validated properly, or do not correlate with glucose metabolism.
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These tools offer the possibility of obtaining objective and comparable data that is free from bias caused by different attitudes and communication skills of physicians, and are helpful in monitoring change in behaviours over time. Physicians, who wish to learn about their patients’ self-care (including medication adherence and lifestyle) to identify problem areas, might find the use of tools to assess diabetes self-management beneficial. Unfortunately, adherence to healthy lifestyle is also not optimal. In a systemic review, improvement in self-management by education was associated with better glycemic control.
īeside medication adherence, other aspects of self-management by people with diabetes play a very important role in the successful control of this chronic condition: healthy diet, physical activity, avoiding smoking and excess alcohol intake and maintaining normal weight were associated with lower mortality. Multiple factors were proposed for these findings, depression and high healthcare costs emerging as the most important, independent predictors of suboptimal adherence. In line with these reviews, low persistence to certain oral antidiabetic medications has been reported in Hungary. found little improvement over time when reviewing 27 studies: the prevalence of adherence ranged between 38.5 and 93.1%, and only 6 studies reported adherence over 80%. In their more recent review, Krass et al. In their review, Rubin and co-workers reported adherence rates between 65–85% to oral antidiabetic therapy among people with type 2 diabetes. However, a number of people with diabetes experience difficulties in maintaining a healthy lifestyle and adhering to medical therapy. Medical treatment and lifestyle-change, self-management are important means of achieving glycemic control and preventing complications in diabetes. Approximately 90–95% of these people have type 2 diabetes and the majority of them are managed in primary care. In Hungary 7.27% of the population turns in antidiabetic medication prescription. The global prevalence of diabetes mellitus has reached 9.0% in adult men and 7.9% in women in 2014. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.
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